Burner for heating purposes



No ModeL L WATSON BURNBR'PGR HBATINGPURPDSES. No. 329,107.

Patented Oct. 27, 1885.

' u Y lavan/752.-

. 0% Mm @5% y M4 PETERS. PhomLilhogmpner. wnshngmn, D4 C.

1TB TTS LEWIS H. WATSON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. j"

BURNER FOR' HEATING PUR.POSES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 329,107, dated October 27, 1885. I Application filed August B. 1884. Serial No, 139,985. (No model.) l

To @ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Lnwis H. WATsoN, a citizen of the United States, residing in-Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Burners for Heating Purposes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to burners for heat-I ing purposes of that class in which the burner has been provided with jet-orifices communicating with a supply of gas mixed with air under pressure, and jet-orifices communicating with a supply of air under pressure, ar-4 ranged adjacent to the j et' orifices ofthe burner, so as to assist in supporting combustion. Prior to my invention a burner of such general character has been devised for heating hollow rollers for ironing-machines, sad-irons, and the like. In such apparatus the burner has been composed of a pipe introduced through the roller, at one end of the latter, said pipe being provided with a longitudinally-arranged row of j et-orices communicating through the pipe with a supply of gas mixed with air under pressure, for which purpose a gas-supply pipe has been connected with the burner-pipe, and the latter also connected with an air-supply pipe by means of a pipe-connection leading from an air-supply pipe to a point in the burner-pipe back of the point at which the gas-supply pipe connected with the said burner-pipe. The burner in such apparatus con sisted of a tube arranged in an air-pipe and i having one or more perforated ribs, necks, or

annular flanges on its upper sides to form the jet-orices, which said projections extended jets issued in lines parallel tothe jets of mixed gas and air. Practical tests of such burners or heating apparatus have demonstrated that while combustion is to a considerable extent supported by the air-jets issuing in close fact that the flames are of a yellowish cast and evolve sufficient smoke to coat the interiorv of the roller with soot, which will in a short time `render it impossible to effectively heat 4the roller without either frequently cleaning the same or using a quantity of gas far in excess `of that which would be needed were combusproximity to the gas-jets, yet that combustion Will be far from perfect, as evidencedV bythe tion so perfect as to avoid the evolution of smoke and consequent deposit of soot on the interior of the roller or other body to be heated.

The object of myinvention is to obviate the defects which have heretofore been incident to the use of heaters of the class referred topi and to provide in a heating apparatusof su'c'h general character an arrangement of airjet orifices by which air under artificial pressure, in place of issuing in jets parallel with the jets of mixed gas and air, shall cross the jet` orice of the burner, so as to cut the jets of mixed gas and air, and hence impinge against the flames at or near the base portion of the latter, under which arrangement the air-jets issue at substantially right angles to the comf bined gas and air jets, under which conditions I have practically demonstrated combustion will be so perfect that no smoke will be evolved by the flame, no deposit of soot left on the body to be heated by the llames, and

hence a minimum quantity of gas required. Further objects are to provide more efficient means for regulating and causing equal pressures to exist in both the burner-pipe and the air-passages external thereto, so that the jetsf,

the above-said general character, all as herefg,

inafter described and claimed, and illustrated in the annexed drawings, in whichn Figure l is a side View of my improved-burner and its gas and air supply pipes,with the burner in position for heating a hollow roller-,`

which latter is shown in longitudinal section With one end portion broken away. Fig. 2fis a central longitudinal section through the burner, with the gas and air supply pipes there- IOO for, shown partly in section, in which view the burner is represented on a larger scale, and

for convenience of illustration broken away at two points. Fig. 3 is a detail top plan view of the burner; Fig. 4, a transverse section, on a still larger scale, of the burner on the line x w, Fig. 3.

Like letters of reference indicate like parts in the severalfgures of the drawings.

A designates a hollow roller, which, for example, can be adapted for use as an ironingroller in an ironing-machine in which one or more rotary ironing-rollers are required to be heated in order to render the machine effective. The burner is introduced within the hollow roller, at one end of the latter, which will be provided at such end with an opening of a greater diameter than the diameter of the burner, in order to provide a space or passage, a, through which heated air or any other gases evolved by combustion within the roller can escape after subserving their heating purpose in the roller.v The burner is supported axially within the roller by some suitable support,which, for instance, can consist of a bracket, B, secured by screws or otherwise to the frame of the machine or other support, and adapted to sustain the burner at a point where the latter is connected with its gas and air supply pipes. The burner consists of a straight pipe or tube, E, closed at one end and at its opposite end connected with a gas-supply pipe, F, having a suitable cock, e, for regulating the supply of gas tothe burner, which said tube has in its walls, for aportion of its length, one or more longitudinally-arranged rows of perforations, g, constituting gas-jet orifices-the preferred arrangement being that of two rows of perforations-with the perforations of one row alt-ernating in position with respect to the position of the perforations ofthe remaining row. The tubular burner is arranged within a pipe, C,

constituting an air-supply chamber closed atA one end, and at its opposite end communicating with some suitable source for supplying air under articial pressure, said pipe being made of a greater internal diameter than the diameter of the tubular burner, in order to provide an airpassage between the said two members. The air-pipeCis provided withalongitudinally-arranged elongated opening or slot, c, having an area sufficient to expose the jet-orilices of the tubular burner, and arranged so that its opposing side walls shall run parallel with the lines of gas-j et perforations in the tubular burner. The tubular burneris arranged within pipe C, with its axis eccentric to or at one side of the axis of the said pipe, the adjustment of the burner within the slotted air-pipe being such as to expose the j et-perforations of the burner through the slot in the air-pipe,

and to bring the exterior of the burner-pipe sufiiciently close to the opposing side edge of the slot, so as to leave contracted air-discharge orifices at opposite sides of the two rows of jetorices, when two rows of such orifices are employed. In this way, while an air space or passage, G, will be left between the burner and the inner wall of the pipe, -said passage will be contracted at points near the jet-perforations, and at these points will have its walls arranged at such angles to the jets issuing from the gas-jet orifices on the burnerthat the air-currents issuing in thin sheets from such passage shall cross the jets at or nearthe base of the latter, and substantially at right angles to the gas-jets, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 4, from which it will be seen that a current of air from passage G will cross each gas-jet orice in the burner, and hence 1mpinge against the iiame at or near its base. Where two rows of gas-jet orifices are provided, the walls of the latter could be arranged in vertical planes; but in order to cause the air-currents to be directed with more certainty against the base portions of the flames, the two rows of jet-orifices are respectively formed in planes diverging outwardly from the burner, in which way a current of air issuing in a thin sheet from either of the elongated and contracted orifices of the air-passage shall meet the iiame r flames at the base-portion of the latter, whereby a strong current of air can be forced against the flame at or near the point of ignition, which, it will be observed, produces a radical change in the iiame over that in a burner, where the air, in place of being forced into the flame at the base, is directed in a diffused condition against the entire flame, practical experiments demonstrating that in the latter instance there will be ayellowish tinge to the flame, theintensity thereof will be less, and the combustion less perfect than in a burner embodying the features of my invention, in which, as 'has been demonstrated, the flame will be entirely of a clear bluish cast of great intensity, and combustion so perfect that no soot whatever will result from the iame and be deposited in the roller or carried off from the same. The burner and air pipes are closed at one end in any suitable way-as, for example, by a cap, b, through which a screw, d, can be passed for supporting the burner at this end-or the end of the burner can lit in a socket formed in the cap. The air-passage G, for thus supplying air to the base portions of the flames, communicates at one end with some suitable air-supply pipe, H, provided with a cock, F, for regulating the supply of air, which said pipe can lead to any-suitable source from whence air under pressure can be derived, the simplest way of forcing a current of air to the burner being to provide a blower in a suitable chamber with which pipe H can be connected. rI he jet-oriices of the burner also communicate with the source of air-supply through the medi-um of an aperture, h, formed in the burner-pipe at a point between the gas-jet orices and the point at which a supply of gas is admitted into the burner-pipe, so that gas and air mixed shall issue through the gas-jet orifices of the burner. The inlet-aperture h, through which air is taken in the burner-pipe, connects the latter with IOO IIO

IZO

a chamber, t', which is common to both the passage G around the burner and to the pipe H, through which air is supplied to the said passage. By locating this aperture in the burner-pipe at the junction of the two airpipes C and H a current of air forced through the pipe H will at the terminus of said pipe divide into two currents, one mixing with the inflowing current of gas and passing through the burner to the gas-jet orifices andthe other passing through the passage G, around the burner-pipe, and issuing in sheets in a direction over and across the gas-jet orifices, so as to impinge against the base portions of the flames. The chambert' is conveniently formed by a T-coupling, D, with which the air-pipe C, partially inclosing the burner-pipe, and the air-supply pipe H are coupled, said coupling also constituting a support for one end of the burner-pipe and affording means for coupling a gas-supply pipe with the latter, which passes through the chamber i, formed in said opening, and has its inlet-aperture 7i preferably located at a point opposite or in alignment with the passage in pipe H. Under such arrangement the passage G is at right angles to the passage through pipe H, and the aperture h is located at the angle between said two passages, and formed of a smaller area than the supply-passage, whereby, in effect, a continuous angular air-passage is provided external to the bu rner, with an aperture or short branch passage leading from the angle in the air-pas` sage to the interior of the burner at a point back of the gas-jet outlets on the latter, which angular air-passage while thus communicating with the interior of the burner, also opens at a point external to and at one side of each line of gas-jet orices. In this way the airpressure, both within the burner and within the passage external thereto, will be equalized and will be at all times the same, whether the cock F in pipe H is opened to its full extent or partially closed, so as to admit only of a limited supply of air.

In burners for heating purposes it has been a common custom to introduce currents of air, either parallel with or at various angles to the gas-jets upon each side of the jets. Asthe opposing currents of air meet at the gas-jets each resists the other, whereby sufficient air to support perfect combustion fails to enter the gas-jets.

Vhat I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A burner constructed of an air-chamber, a gas-chamber iuclosed therein, and perforations in the wall of the gas-chamber adjacent to a slot in the air-chamber, arranged, substantially as shown and described, so that a single series of perforations shall deliver gas practically at right angles to a single sheet of air.

2. The air-chamber and the gas-chamber, arranged one within the other, a series of per- 65 forations in the walls of one chamber and a slot in the opposing wall of the other chamber constituting, respectively, gas and air discharge oriiices opening at substantially a right angle to each other, in combination with an 7o open passage between said two chambers at a point beyond their respective jets, whereby the pressure of air in both of said chambers is equalized, substantially as described.

3. The perforated burner, the slotted in- 75 closing air-supply chamber, substantially as described, in combination with an air-supply pipe communicating with the arsupply chamber, and an aperture in the gas-supply chamber opposite the said supplypipe, substan- 8o tially as described.

LEVIS H. VATSON.

Vitnesses:

W. W. ELLIOTT, Giras. G. PAGE. 

